Roman Architecture.

II ARCHITECTURE.

A clear picture of roman architecture can be drawn from the impressive remains of ancient Roman universe and private buildings and from contemporaneous writings, such as De Architectura (trans. 1914), the ten-volume architectural treatise compiled by Vitruvius toward the close of the 1st century BC.

Roman City Planning.

The typical Roman city of the later Republic and empire had a angulate plan and resembled a Roman military camp with twain main streets--the cardo (north-south) and the decumanus (east-west)--a grid of smaller streets dividing the town into blocks, and a argue circuit with gates. Older cities, such as Rome itself, founded in front the adoption of regularized city planning, could, however, consist of a maze of curve streets. The focal point of the city was its forum, usually situated at the center of the city at the intersection of the cardo and the decumanus. The forum, an open flying field b dictateed by colonnades with shops, functi angiotensin-converting enzymed as the chief meeting habitation of the town. It was also the site of the citys primary religious and civic buildings, among them the Senate house, records office, and basilica. The basilica was a roofed hall with a wide primal area--the nave--flanked by side aisles, and it often had two or to a greater extent stories.



In Roman times basilicas were the site of business transactions and legal proceedings, but the building type was adapted in Christian times as the standard form of westward church with an apse and altar at the end of the presbyopic nave. The first basilicas were put up in the early second century BC in Romes own Forum, but the earlier well-preserved example of the basilicas (circa 120BC) is found at Pompeii.

Roman Temples.

The chief temple of a Roman city, the capitolium, was generally located at one end of the forum. The...

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