the law of justice

The local officers were directed to financial aid the customs officer, as they had the power to command the peace and swan order which the customs officers did not have.

Of all the colonies, Virginia was the one where the resign over writs of assistance was most stubbornly fought. The general warrants and false searches were first condemned by the Virginia Bill of Rights on June 12, 1776, and were reflected in the clauses of the annunciation of Independence denouncing the King because he had made judges qualified upon his will alone for their tenure and their salaries. It took courage for judges to abjure writs of assistance when demanded by customs officers, since they held their commissions at the will of the pileus and were dependent for their salaries upon the revenues collected by the customs commissioners. The commissioners themselves were persistent in their determination for general writs--since they were under constant pressure from England. The American determination to keep the courts free from executive control grows in no small degree out of this experience.

The British tax revenue of the colonies was another cause that led up to the American Revolution. sevens paid little attention to the compound protests against the Sugar flake and the Stamp mold in 1765. The passage of the Stamp Act, however, was the point out for a full-scale debate over th

A meeting held in Philadelphia in 1773 took the asterisk in opposing the act and this pressured the consignee the East India Company had appoint to resign. Similar actions were held in New York by the Sons of Liberty, but in capital of Massachusetts the tea consignees, who included two sons of Governor Hutchinson, refused to resign--hence the Boston Tea Party. The colonists successfully nullified the Tea Act each by destroying the tea, preventing its landing, or, as in Charleston, storing it until it was later sold by the Revolutionary government to raise funds for the War for Independence.

Adams, Randolph G. semipolitical Ideas of the American Revolution. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc.

, 1958.

Greene, Jack P., ed. Colonies to Nation, 1763-1789. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1975.

The Tea Act had an unexpected reception in the colonies as colonial leadership interpret it simply as a clever artifice to inveigle Americans into paying the 3rd duty on tea and thereby openly admitting parliament's right to tax the colonies. It also was interpreted by colonial merchants as a threat of monopoly. What Parliament could do for the East India Company, it could do for other companies to the detriment of the colonial mercantile community.

Dickerson, O.M. "Writs of Assistance as a Cause of the Revolution." In The Era of the American Revolution, ed. Richard B. Morris, 40-75. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965.

The petition movement, however, produced disappointments nearly from the start. The English petitions were accepted by the poof but no answer was given to them. Nor was any given to the American petitions. Additionally, the king professed confidence in his ministers, and by 1772, many observers in capital of the United Kingdom were ready to blame the king directly for his ministers' acts.

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